A new research consortium has found something worth paying attention to: when you ask AI about grief, love, loss, or moral decisions, it almost never brings religion into the conversation.
The Consortium for Evaluation of Faith and Ethics in AI (CEFE-AI), a collaboration among researchers at Brigham Young University, Baylor University, the University of Notre Dame, and Yeshiva University, published its findings this week at the Summit on AI Ethics in Athens, Greece.
“Religion is an important part of human flourishing; 75% of the world’s population maintains religious identity. As we build AI technologies, there’s no reason we shouldn’t build them to support people in what’s important to them,” said lead researcher David Wingate, a BYU professor of computer science.
Is AI actually biased against certain religions?
The researchers developed the AllFaith Benchmark, one of the first multi-faith test sets that examines how AI systems engage with a range of religions. They tested 14 different AI models, including flagship models from Anthropic, Google, xAI, and OpenAI.
The results are telling. A survey of 1,125 Americans found that most people expect religious perspectives when asking ethics questions, but nearly every model failed to include any. More surprisingly, the models showed clear conversion bias, subtly nudging users toward some faiths and away from others.
Which AI models performed the worst?
Across all models tested, almost every one showed a negative bias toward Jehovah’s Witnesses and a positive bias toward Catholicism. Grok produced the strongest biases overall, strongly favoring Catholics and Protestants while showing negative bias toward Jehovah’s Witnesses, Baha’i, and Hindus. Anthropic and Meta’s models showed the least bias of any models tested.
Perhaps the most alarming stat from the study is that out of over 12,000 research papers about AI bias, only 0.2% address religious bias at all. For a technology that influences public discourse this heavily, that’s a significant blind spot.
Personally, I don’t have any issue with AI not bringing religion into conversation. I actually prefer it. However, AI models showing clear bias towards several religions and pushing them towards Catholicism is a deeply concerning matter. At this scale, even a subtle nudge toward one religion over another is a serious problem, and AI companies owe it to their users to fix it.